{"id":46310,"date":"2024-01-25T12:46:11","date_gmt":"2024-01-25T18:46:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stcnature.org\/good-natured\/?p=46310"},"modified":"2024-04-29T23:41:30","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T04:41:30","slug":"hitchhikers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.stcnature.org\/good-natured\/hitchhikers\/","title":{"rendered":"Hitchhikers"},"content":{"rendered":"

With big claws and an attitude to match, the rusty crayfish was brought to Illinois intentionally for use as fishing bait. It then hitched around in bait buckets throughout the Upper Midwest, displacing native species along the way.<\/p>\n

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January 26, 2024<\/h4>\n

Back in the day when hitchhikers were a thing, they were hard to miss. Standing alongside the road, thumb out, with a gaze somewhere between piercing and hopeful, a hitcher\u2019s travel plans hinged on the kindness of passing motorists. Many drivers were happy for the company, and many riders were happy to contribute with conversation and a few bucks for gas.<\/p>\n

But then, over time, trouble set in\u2014big trouble, like robberies and murders. In 1973, the FBI put out a poster with the headline, \u201cDeath in Disguise?\u201d followed by text that asked, \u201cIs he a happy vacationer or an escaping criminal\u2014a pleasant companion or a sex maniac\u2014a friendly traveler or a vicious murderer?\u201d Hitchhiking became synonymous with danger, and laws were passed that either banned or severely limited the practice.<\/p>\n

But you know what? It\u2019s still going on.<\/p>\n

While regulations curbed the number of humans thumbing a lift, alien plants and animals are hitching rides all over the planet.<\/p>\n

Last week we learned the Good Natured tale of a snail that stowed away in a shipment of plants from California. The story of sweet Esther Duncan, who will spend the rest of his\/her life eating plants in a terrarium in Sycamore, could have taken a disastrous turn had s\/he instead landed in a warmer state. Should Esther have escaped into the wild, his\/her (remember\u2014snails are hermaphrodites) voracious appetite, and offspring, would have made quick work of the vegetation they encountered.<\/p>\n

To provide a more local example, remember what happened when the emerald ash borer showed up in Illinois? The City of St. Charles alone spent millions on the treatment, removal and replacement of infected trees.<\/p>\n

First detected in 2002 near Detroit, Agrilus planipennis is thought to have hitched a ride as larvae in lumber used to build shipping crates. Native to temperate northeast Asia, the insect with a taste for ash spread quickly\u2026through more hitchhiking! It took a while for folks to realize that the dead ash trees they were cutting down and using for firewood\u2014often after hauling the logs miles away\u2014were actually aiding the borer\u2019s spread.<\/p>\n

Another infamous hitchhiking species, European spongy moths (Lymantria dispar, formerly known as gypsy moths), though brought to this country intentionally, sallied their way from East Coast to West via the egg masses females deposited on wood and other objects that were then transported across state lines.<\/p>\n

Hitchhiking, though, isn\u2019t just the realm of animals. Plants, too, hitchhike plenty. Driving around town, it was disturbingly easy to spot several drifters that have become established right in our own backyards:<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Burdock, Arctium spp., brought here by European settlers, produces seed heads that hitch onto passersby and move short distances and long. (Fun fact: The seeds\u2019 recurved hooks are so impressive, they inspired the invention of Velcro.)<\/p>\n

\u00b7 European common reed, Phragmites australis australis (different from subspecies americanus, which is native) came here from Europe in ship ballast. People see it in roadside ditches and alongside ponds and think it\u2019s beautiful, but it\u2019s actually choking out dozens of native wetland species.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 Garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolate, brought here intentionally as a medicine and an herb, is perfectly capable of spreading its own seeds via air currents. But it also hitches along on humans\u2014especially in the soil trapped in footwear treads\u2014as well as on wildlife.<\/p>\n

\u00b7 easel, Dipsacus fullonum, also was introduced on purpose and forms dense colonies. But how\u2019s this for a kicker: Its seeds move from place to place by hitching a ride on the equipment used for the plants\u2019 control: mower decks.<\/p>\n

And don\u2019t even get me started in what\u2019s in our local waters! Zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, native to eastern Europe and western Russia, rode to the Great Lakes region in ships\u2019 ballast water and\u00a0 and today are prevalent in the Fox River. Asian clams, Corbicula fluminea, were brought to the US as food but now the microscopic babies (one 1-in. clam can produce 35,000 offspring) hitchhike in bait buckets. Chinese mystery snails, Cipangopaludina chinensis, cling to boat hulls and other water gear. And the rusty crayfish, Faxonius rusticus, traveled here from Ohio as fish bait and continues to threaten native species and habitat with its pugnacious ways.<\/p>\n

The few species we have room for in today\u2019s column are literally the tip of the iceberg. (Which reminds me\u2026poor Antarctica is being inundated with invaders that hitchhike their way there on ships from 1,500 ports around the world. Read about it here: https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-59914729.)<\/p>\n

If you find these threats troubling, you\u2019re not alone! But the good news is, many agencies are working hard to send these hitchhikers packing. We\u2019ll take a look at their efforts, as well as things you too can do, in our next Good Natured installment.<\/p>\n

Pam Otto is the outreach ambassador for the St. Charles Park District. She can be reached at potto@stcparks.org<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"Rusty<\/p>\n

\"Zebra<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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